SSC CGL -COMBINE GRADUATE LEVEL BEST PREPARATION STRATEGIES

MANY PEOPLE ARE IN DILEMMA HOW TO PREPARE FOR SSC CGL COMBINED                                       

graduate  level examination here

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GUIDE 4 SSC EXAMS: HOW TO FILE RTI TO SSC : GET UNLIMITED KNOWLEDGE

For those who are not happy with their result , who have some doubts , want to get final answer key.

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GUIDE FOR SSC EXAMS: WHAT TO ATTEMPT FIRST IN EXAM HALL GET UNLIMITED KNOWLEDGE

In the Examination Hall

A proper strategy is necessary to crack any competition exam. You need to concentrate on minor details because every second matters in such tough competitions.

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GUIDE FOR SSC EXAMS : HOW TO PREPARE FOR SSC CGL TIER 1 MATHEMATICS/QUANTITATIVE APTITUDE: GET UNLIMITED KNOWLEDGE

How to Prepare Mathematics for SSC and other competitive exams

Mathematics is an interesting subject. Many people find it hard to understand just because they don't have interest in Mathematics.

Mathematics and Reasoning enhance your problem solving skills not only in exam but also in real life. Both are  based on systematic approach and both of them need a lot of PRACTICE.

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GUIDE FOR SSC EXAMS: HOW TO CRACK SSC CGL TIRE 1:GET UNLIMITED KNOWLEDGE

How to Crack SSC CGL TIER 1(Getting Started)

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I will discuss only the strategy that must be followed by a candidate who is appearing for the SSC exam. Before you start reading my blog ,it is recommended that you  should read official SSCNotification, Which will tell you  about exam structure and other eligibility criteria.Candidates are also advised to visit SSC official site regularly for latest news and notifications.  

Now coming back to the point:-  It is assumed that you have read SSC notification for CGL 2014 and know about syllabus for TIER 1.

1. General Intelligence:  50 Marks

2. Numerical Aptitude:   50 Marks

3. General Knowledge: 50 Marks

4. English Language:     50 Marks

But Remember: Tier II : English Language and Comprehension- 200 Marks

Numerical Aptitude: 200 Marks

So out of 600 Marks; 500(250+250) Marks will be of Numerical Aptitude and English Language. So before you start preparing, think twice, how much time should be given to these subjects as compared to GK.

I am not saying, not to prepare for GK but don't spend too much time on GK. It is just of 50 marks and you have unlimited syllabus to cover(History, Polity, Geography, Economy, Current Affairs, Science and so on)

if you have a good command over GK, then you can lead in TIER I exam.

Remember: If you study 8 hours daily, then you must give 5-6 hours to Mathematics and English.

Before you start  further preparations : You must have good books. Don't purchase too many books. Don't make your home a library. Read books mentioned below  2 -3 times instead of purchasing different books.            

Please note that these books are not only for SSC exams, these books are reference books for almost all exams except IAS Mains or some other exam which is subject specific. Some books will work equally well for IAS(Pre.)

In this post I will tell you  which book to purchase. In my next post, I will tell you, how to approach these books and why not to buy other books. Their merits and demerits.

Books For Reasoning:  

1. A Modern Approach to verbal and Non Verbal Reasoning By R.S. Aggarwaal Click to Buy

2. Analytical Reasoning  By M.K. Pandey Click to purchase

For reasoning section, these two books are more than enough, for any competitive exam and do not waste your money on purchasing more books for reasoning. 

Books For English:

1. A Mirror of Common Errors - By Dr. Ashok Kumar Singh (Anglo-Hindi)

Edit: This books is now available on Online stores and it is highly recommended for those who have hard times with English.

2. Objective General English by S.P. BAKSHI (Arihant Publication) Click Here

3.  Word Power Made Easy by Norman Lewis  Click Here

You don't need to buy more books for English Section.  WREN N MARTIN is not recommended for competitive exams, because it is written with academic point of view not for competition exams.

We will discuss more about it later.

Books for Mathematics: 

1. Mathematics depend only on practice  and it is not a difficult subject.  For good practice and good short cut tricks to save time in competitive exams, I recommend  Quantum CAT By Sarvesh Kumar Verma BuyFrom Here 

This book starts from basics and will lead you to success. You will be delighted to have this book.

4. Books for General Knowledge:

1.One and Only answer: NCERT BOOKS free download from here 

 2. For Polity: M. LAXMIKANTH (Both Hindi and English editions are available ) Click Here

3. Lucent General Knowledge for Quick Revision of facts. For Hindi & For English

I will discuss in greater depth about current affairs , what to read, what not to read and how to get best of above mentioned books.

So first purchase some or all of above mentioned books and start preparing. If you have already purchased , then see my other articles, how to get best of above mentioned books.

Best of Luck for Competitive Exams. Search for Books Here

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GUIDE 4 SSC EXAMS: How to prepare for GK (SSC & Other competitive examination)GET UNLIMITED KNOWLEDGE

How to prepare for GK (SSC & Other competitive examination)

While going for any competitive exam, before you start preparing  have a through look on exam structure and syllabus. For Example: For IAS exam, you have to be a master in  General Studies. For Constables Mathematics is not of that much importance as compared to GK, although the person who is good in Mathematics will be able to get merit if he has good hold on GK, but you cannot expect 50 out of 50 in GK as this field is unlimited.

Our prime concern is to crack SSC CGL, so my articles will be mostly devoted towards SSC CGL. With the passage of time, i will write more articles for other exams also.

Keep one thing in mind, you are not preparing for IAS exam and GK is just only of 50 marks out of 600 marks and requires a knowledge of  History, Polity, Geography, Science, Current Events and Economics.

Once again From SSC CGL point of view, don´t give so much time to GK. Use smart approach and devote your quality time to Mathematics and English.

For SSC:

If you take a look at previous SSC papers, you will find that most of questions have been asked from Static+ Science 

Static: Static means simple questions based on History, Polity, Geography from NCERT text books.

Science :  Science questions from NCERT text books. Up to 10th

Current Events:  person in news, books published bla bla bla

While preparing for GK(SSC) keep one thing in mind, you will give most of time preparing for STATIC + SCIENCE part. New comers waste most of time in memorizing facts and other irrelevant data that come in magazines.

Most of static questions are from Indian Polity & Indian History not from World History,  basic question are asked in Economics which are based on current events , some questions in economics are definition based  and these question should not be attempted because they are not beneficial from cost of time point of view.

How to Prepare for History

For SSC,  History mean Indian History, hardly a question is being asked from world history, so it is recommended to read Indian History only.

What to prepare from History: Major preparation should be done from Medieval India to freedom of India. Some time one or two questions clash with Polity, about constitution of India but i will account them in History.

While studying don´t overload your mind by memorizing dates. In SSC question are asked frommajor events and major persons. As every person has limited amount of memorizing capacity, you will have to forgot something for something new. So use your memory smartly.

Try to understand and co-relate the events in Indian History and try to make relationship with your life. Its  your duty to create memory link up with the events.

Like you know your father´s birthday and some event has happened on this day in History, you may link it with your father´s birthday. :)

How to Prepare for Economy:

It's good to prepare Economy from book named Indian Economy by Ramesh Singh (Click to Buy ), to read eBook click here  it will help you to grasp concepts of Economy and how things works and inter-related. . This book also contains important data like Economic Survey of India; Remember you are here to crack SSC not to do PhD on Economy, this book is more than enough to prepare for Economics section. You are not recommended to read micro and macro economics from XI and XII th class and if you have time, you can go for it.

Beside STATIC part, there will be one or two questions from current events in Economics. I will publish them time to time.

For Geography:

SSC most of time asks questions from Indian Geography. So don´t prepare for world Geography. Because it will not be beneficial to you from SSC exam point of view.

For IAS exams, it is mandatory to prepare for World History and World Geography, but from SSC point of view, don´t go for it.

Use NCERT books for proper concept building and finally use LUCENT GK for quick revision of facts.

What to read: 

Many information is factual in Nature but many concepts are scientific, like Monsoon, Rocks, soil type etc. Try to understand them. One or two questions always come from these concepts. Understand them with proper concentration and try to make relationship with outer space with soil, rocks, coal etc.

Note down major current events from Newspapers or some other magazine of good publication but keep in mind to note down major events only.

Don´t mess with irrelevant data.

For Polity

For Indian Polity I recommend to read from Indian Polity by Laxmikanth. This book is written in a great manner. The language is easy to understand. Hindi version of this book is also available.

Try to read chapter by chapter basis and try to relate with local government, central government, how do they work etc.

In that way you will be able to understand better and to secure marks It is necessary to haveinterest toward Indian Political System even though it is corrupted and need many reformations.

So like it or not, you will have to show some interest to understand anything.

Science:

 I mean to prepare for general science up to matric level from NCERT TEXT BOOKS and to understand it properly. Finally use lucent for quick revision of facts.

Tip: Now a days, many B.Tech students are also appearing for SSC exams, a tip for them, not to be overconfident that you are from Science and you can do it easily. B.Tech have specific specialization and you will not be able to attempt SSC questions properly and if somebody have issue over my tip then they can judge themselves by picking up previous SSC question papers.

Current Events:

What to read from Newspapers: Read Indian Express or THE HINDU

Major Events, For example:

Sports:  IN IPL who won, which team was against them, RED CAP holder etc.

Major events like Wimblendon Singles champion, doubles champion, chances increases if there is some major twist in results. Like Andy Mary (England )defeated Nowark Djovik No.1 tennis player. 

National Events like : Government Policy, Plans, Bills, Big Mega fests,  ISRO launch, SARC, G8 summit etc.

Strictly NO CRIME REPORTS, it hardly have importance in competition exams.

Major technological events, but not mobile launch by SAMSUNG, Car Launch by AUDI etc.

Two-three questions are now being asked from Computers, so prepare for them also. So far they are easy in nature but may be typical as competition increases.

With the matter of quality time devoted to the studies, your mind  will automatically start to sort out the necessary from unnecessary. If you have some time try to read editorial pages, it will help you to make decisions if a  typical question is being asked in interview and it will increase your vocabulary also.

For other Competitive Exams

For other competitive exams like Bank PO, clerk, LIC etc strategy will be same but  major changes in GK are not to prepare for History and Geography. Majority of questions will be asked from Economics & current events based on Economics and Computers Knowledge is necessary for Bank Exams. So prepare for them accordingly.

For example : For SBI PO exam, there is separate section for computers and Mangement Principles and in Numercial Aptitude (For Banks): Question are not asked from trigonometry and Geometry. So prepare accordingly after through studies of last year papers and syllabus.

Now this concludes strategy for SSC GK & other competitive exams in my next article i will guide you to prepare for English Tier I & Tier II.

Take care of yourself and have a  nice day!!

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POST PREFERENCE FOR SSC CGL -READ CAREFULLY BEFORE YOU APPLY GET UNLIMITED KNOWLEDGE

=======================================
Read it carefully before otping your Post Choice in SSC CGL-2014

1. Assistant CSS

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IMPORTANT WEBSITES FOR SSC EXAMINATION GET UNLIMITED KNOWLEDGE:

Edit

FEW USEFUL WEBSITE

Here are a few links on the topics mentioned.These,I hope,will help u in making ur OWN NOTES !

NATIONAL ACTION PLAN ON CLIMATE CHANGE:  http://www.indg.in/rural-energy/environment/national-action-plan-on-climate-change

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SSC PREPARATION GUIDE : BUDDHISM

Introduction to Buddhism

Buddhism, one of the major world religions, began in India around
the sixth century, B.C.E. The teachings of Buddhism spread
throughout Central and Southeast Asia, through China, Korea, and
Japan. Today, there are Buddhists all over the world.
THE LEGEND OF SHAKYAMUNI
According to Buddhist tradition, Shakyamuni (a name meaning
“Sage of the Shakya Clan”) is the founder of Buddhism (he is also
sometimes referred to as “Siddhartha Gautama”). Shakyamuni was

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GUIDE FOR SSC PREPARATION ANTI DEFECTION LAW

ANTI-DEFECTION LAW

 The 52nd Amendment act of 1985 provided for the disqualification of the members of Parliament and the state legislatures on the ground of defection from one political party to another. For this purpose, it made changes in four Articles of the Constitution and added a new schedule (the Tenth schedule) to the Constitution. This act is often referred to as the „anti-defection law‟. Later, the 91st Amendment Act of 2003 made one change in the provisions of the Tenth Schedule. It omitted an exception provision i.e., disqualification on ground of defection not to apply in case of split.

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SSC PREPARATION GUIDE DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY AND FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES

DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF
STATE POLICY AND
FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES

he Constitution of India aims to establish not only political democracy but also socioeconomic
justice to the people to establish a welfare state. With this purpose in mind, our
Constitution lays down desirable principle and guidelines in Part IV. These provisions are
known as the Directive Principle of State Policy. In this lesson we will study about Directive
Principles in detail.

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SSC PREPARATION GUIDE FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS

FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS

People in democractic conutries enjoy certain rights, which are protected by judicial
system of the country concerned. Their violation, even by the State, is not allowed by the
courts. India respects the rights of the people, which are listed in our Constitution, under
the heading “Fundamental Rights”. In lesson, a mention has been made of the Fundamental
Rights as one of the salient features of the Constitution. In this lesson, we will discuss in
detail various Fundamental Rights which are incorporated in chapler III of the Constitution.
Objectives
After studying this lesson you will be able to
l explain the meaning and importance of Fundamental Rights;
l highlight that the dignity of an individual is protected and safe guarded through
Fundamental Rights;
l recognise that the enforcement of Fundamental Rights is ensured through High Courts
and the Supreme Court;
l explain the Right to Equality;
l recognise the rationale behind protective discrimination in favour of Scheduled Castes
and Scheduled Tribes and other backward classes(OBCs);
l describe as well as appreciate the Right to Freedom;
l recall the safeguards against deprivation of life and personal liberty except according
to the procedure established by law;
l explain the Right against Exploitation;
l appreciate the Right to Freedom of Religion;
l explain Cultural and Educational Rights;
l identify the right to Constitutional Remedies;
l recall the value of writs that may be issued for the protection of Fundamental Rights;
and
P
MODULE - 2
Notes
59
Fundamental Rights
Aspects of the
Constitution of India
l appreciate the Constitutional limitations on the enjoyment of Fundamental Rights.
6.1 Meaning And Importance Of Fundamental Rights
The rights, which are enshrined in the Constitution, are called ‘Fundamental Rights’. These
rights ensure the fullest physical, mental and moral development of every citizen. They
include those basic freedoms and conditions which alone can make life worth living.
Fundamental Rights generate a feeling of security amongst the minorities in the country.
They establish the framework of ‘democratic legitimacy’ for the rule of the majority. No
democracy can function in the absence of basic rights such as freedom of speech and
expression.
Fundamental Rights provide standards of conduct, citizenship, justice and fair play. They
serve as a check on the government. Various social, religious, economic and political
problems in our country make Fundamental Rights important. In our Constitution,
Fundamental Rights are enumerated in Part III from Article 14 to 32. These rights are
justiciable.
Justiciable: Justiciable means that if these rights are violated by the government or
anyone else, the individual has the right to approach the Supreme Court or High
Courts for the protection of his/her Fundamental Rights.
Our Constitution does not permit the legislature and the executive to curb these rights
either by law or by an executive order. The Supreme Court or the High Courts can set
aside any law that is found to be infringing or abridging the Fundamental Rights. You will
read about it in detail in the lesson on ‘Judiciary’. Some of the Fundamental Rights are also
enjoyed by foreigners, for example, the Right to Equality before Law and Right to Freedom
of Religion are enjoyed by both i.e. citizens as well as foreigners. The Fundamental Rights
though justiciable are not absolute. The Constitution empowers the government to impose
certain restrictions on the enjoyment of our rights in the interest of public good.
Seven Fundamental Rights were enshrined in the Constitution of India. However the Right
to Property was removed from the list of Fundamental Rights by the 44th Amendment Act
of the Constitution in the year 1976. Since then, it has been made a legal right. There are
now six Fundamental Rights.
The Fundamental Rights are: -
1. Right to Equality
2. Right to Freedom
3. Right against Exploitation
4. Right to Freedom of Religion
5. Cultural and Educational Rights, and
6. Right to Constitutional Remedies.
Recently by the 86th Amendment Act, the Right to Education has been included in the list
of Fundamental Rights as part of the Right to Freedom by adding Article 21(A).
We will now study these rights one by one.
MODULE - 2
Notes
60
Political Science
Aspects of the
Constitution of India Intext Questions 6.1
Fill in the blanks selecting appropriate words/figures given in the brackets.
1. Right to Property was removed from the list of Fundamental Rights by ___________
Amendment Act of the Constitution(42nd/43rd/44th).
2. The Rights are given in Part III of the Constitution and are termed as _____________
Rights (Legal/Economic/Fundamental).
6.2 Right To Equality
Right to Equality means that all citizens enjoy equal privileges and opportunities. It protects
the citizens against any discrimination by the State on the basis of religion, caste, race,
sex, or place of birth. Right to Equality includes five types of equalities.
6.2.1 Equality Before Law
According to the Constitution, “The State shall not deny to any person equality before law
or equal protection of laws within the territory of India”.
‘Equality before law’ means that no person is above law and all are equal before law,
every individual has equal access to the courts. ‘Equal protection of laws’ means that if
two persons belonging to two different communities commit the same crime, both of them
will get the same punishment.
6.2.2 No Discrimnation on Grounds of Religion, Race, Caste,
Sex, Place of Birth or any of them
No citizen shall be denied access to shops, restaurants and places of public entertainment.
Neither shall any one be denied the use of wells, tanks, bathing ghats, roads etc. maintained
wholly or partly out of State funds. However, the State is empowered to make special
provisions for women, children and for the uplift of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes
and other backward classes (OBC’s). The State can reserve seats for these categories in
educational institutions, grant fee concessions or arrange special coaching classes.
6.2.3 Equality Of Opportunity In Matters Of Public Employment
Our Constitution guarantees equality of opportunity in matters relating to employment or
appointment to public services to all citizens. There shall be no discrimination on the basis
of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or residence in matters relating to employment
in public services. Merit will be the basis of employment. However, certain limitations
have been provided to the enjoyment of these rights.
6.2.4 Abolition of Untouchability
The Constitution abolishes untouchability and its practice in any form is forbidden.
Action in the box are considered as offences when committed on the grounds of
untouchability.
MODULE - 2
Notes
61
Fundamental Rights
Aspects of the
Constitution of India
refusing admission to any person to the public institutions;
preventing any person from worshipping in place of public worship;
insulting a member of Scheduled Caste on the grounds of untouchability;
preaching untouchability directly or indirectly.
6.2.5 Abolition of Titles
All titles national or foreign which create artificial distinctions in social status amongst the
people have been abolished.
This provision has been included in the Constitution to do away with the titles like ‘Rai
Sahib’, ‘Rai Bahadur’ have been conferred by the British on a few Indians as a reward
for their effective co-operation to the colonial regime. The practice of conferring titles like
this is against the doctrine of equality before law. To recognise the meritorious service
rendered by individual citizens to the country or mankind, the President of India can confer
civil and military awards on those individuals for their services and achievements such as;
Bharat Ratna, Padma Vibhushan, Padam Sri, Param Veer Chakra, Veer Chakra etc., but
these cannot be used on ‘titles’.
Intext Questions 6.2
Fill in the blanks:
1. Right to Equality aims at an end to......................discrimination (moral/social/political).
2. Right to Equality has............................kinds of equalities (3/4/5).
3. Right to...........................provides for the abolition of untouchability (equality / freedom
/ religion).
4. State can make............................ provisions for women and children against
exploitation (general/special/ordinary).
5. Right to Equality aims at establishing.......................equality. (social/moral/political)
6.3 Right To Freedom
Freedom is the basic characteristic of a true democracy. Our Constitution guarantees to
the citizens of India a set of six freedoms described as the “Right to Freedom”.
6.3.1 Six Fundamental Freedoms
The Constitution guarantees the following six Fundamental Freedoms:
(i) Freedom of speech and expression.
(ii) Freedom to assemble peacefully without arms.
(iii) Freedom to form associations or unions.
(iv) Freedom to move freely throughout the territory of India.
MODULE - 2
Notes
62
Political Science
Aspects of the
Constitution of India
(v) Freedom to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India.
(vi) Freedom to practise any profession or to carry on any occupation, trade or business.
Let us study these freedoms one by one briefly.
(I) Freedom of Speech And Expression
It is an important freedom. This freedom ensures free and frank speech, discussion and
exchange of opinions. It includes the freedom of the press. However these freedom like
freedom of speech and expression are not absolute. The state is empowered to impose
reasonable restrictions on the exercise of this right in the interest of security of the state,
public order, morality etc.
These freedoms can be suspended during the State of National Emergency. As soon
as the State of National Emergency is declared under Article 352, the abovementioned
freedoms except the right to life and liberty, automatically remain suspended
as long as the State of National Emergency continues. All these freedoms get restored
as soon as the proclamation of National Emergency is lifted.
6.3.2 Protection in Respect of Conviction for An Offence
This Constitutional provision assures protection against arbitrary arrest and excessive
punishment to any person who is alleged to have committed an offence. No person shall
be punished except for the violation of law which is in force when the crime was committed.
An accused cannot be compelled to be a witness against himself/herself.
No person shall be punished for the same offence more than once.
6.3.3 Protection of Life and Personal Liberty
The Constitution lays down that no person shall be deprived of his/her life or personal
liberty except according to the procedure established by law. It guarantees that life or
personal liberty shall not be taken away without the sanction of law. It ensures that no
person can be punished or imprisoned merely at the whims of some authority. He/she may
be punished only for the violation of the law.
6.3.4 Prevention against Arbitrary Arrest and Detention
Our Constitution guarantees certain rights to the arrested person. As per the provision, no
person can be arrested and/or be detained in custody without being informed of the grounds
for detention. He /she has the right to consult and be defended by a lawyer of his/her
choice. The accused has to be produced before the nearest magistrate within a period of
twenty-four hours of arrest.
These safeguards however are not available to foreigners as well as to those citizens
detained under Preventive Detention Act.
Preventive Detention: When the State feels that a person is likely to commit
crime or is a threat to the security of the State, he/she may be detained without trial
for a limited period. However, no person can be kept under detention for more than
three months until permitted by an Advisory Board consisting of persons who are
qualified to be appointed as judges of the High Courts. Such a board is presided over
by a sitting judge of a High Court.
MODULE - 2
Notes
63
Fundamental Rights
Aspects of the
Constitution of India
6.3.5 Right to Education
By the 86th Amendment Act of the Constitution a new article 21-A has been added after
Article 21. By this Amendment Act, Right to Education has been made a Fundamental
Right and has been deleted from the list of Directive Principles of State Policy. According
to it, “The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of
six to fourteen in such a manner as the State may by law determine”. It further states that
it is the responsibility of the parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to
their child or ward between the age of six to fourteen years.
Intext Questions 6.3
Each question has four options. Select the correct option by putting a tick (ü )
against one of the options:
1. The number of freedoms guaranteed under the Right to Freedom is :
a) 5
b) 6
c) 7
d) 8
2. Any person arrested by the police shall have to be produced before the nearest
magistrate within a period of :
a) 12 hours
b) 24 hours
c) 36 hours
d) 48 hours
3. A person arrested under Preventive Detention can be kept in Jail without trial for a
maximum period of :
a) three months
b) six months
c) twelve months
d) eighteen months
4. Right to education has been made a Fundamental Right by ………….Amendment
Act of the Constitution (84th /86th/ 88th )
6.4 Right against Explotation
The people of India were exploited not only by the British but also by the money lenders
and zamindars. This system was called forced labour. Right against exploitation prohibits
MODULE - 2
Notes
64
Political Science
Aspects of the
Constitution of India
all forms of forced labour as well as traffic in human beings . The violation of this provision
is an offence punishable under law. The state require citizens services in times of major
calamities such as floods, forestfire, foreign aggression etc.
Our Constitution also provides safeguards for children. It bans the employment of children
below the age of fourteen years in any factory , mine or hazardous occupations.
Traffic in human beings means sale and purchase of human beings as goods and
commodities for immoral purposes such as slavery and prostitution
Intext Question 6.4
Fill in the blanks selecting appropriate words/figures given in the brackets:
1. Employment of children in factories below the age of ——————— is prohibited
by law (14/16/18)
Right to Freedom of Religion
India is a multireligious state. Besides Hindus, there are Muslims, Sikhs, Christians and
many others residing in our country. The Constitution guarantees to every person freedom
of conscience and the right to practice and propagate any religion.
It also permits every religious group, the right to manage its own affairs in matters of
religion. Every religious sect has the right to establish and maintain in stitutions for religious
and charitable purposes. Each religious group is also free to purchase and manage
its movable and immovable property in accordance with law, for the propagation of its
religion.
Our Constitution lays down that no religious education can be imparted in any educational
institution which is wholly maintained out of the state funds. This restriction does not apply
to those educational institutions which are not wholly maintained out of State funds. But,
even in those institutions, no child can be compelled to receive religious instructions against
his /her wishes.
Right to Freedom of Religion is not absolute. It can be restricted on the grounds of public
order, morality and health. The state shall not impose restrictions arbitrarily .
Intext Questions 6.5
Fill in the blanks with the suitable words/figures given in brackets:
1. Religion is the concern of the ——————in a secular state. (Individual /Society/
State)
2. No——————education can be imparted in any educational institution wholly
maintained out of state funds. (moral/religious/none of the two)
MODULE - 2
Notes
65
Fundamental Rights
Aspects of the
Constitution of India
6.6 Cultural and Educational Rights
India is a vast country with diversity of culture, Script and languages. People take pride in
their own language and culture.
Our constitution provides necessary guarantees to preserve maintain and promote their
culture and language. The Constitution allows minorities to establish and maintains
educational institutions of their own. It also provides that the state shall not discriminate
against any educational institution while granting financial aid on the grounds that it is being
run by a minority community.
These rights ensure that minorities will be given assistance by the state in the preservation
of their language and culture. The Ideal before the state is to preserve and propagate the
composite culture of the country.
6.7 Right To Constitutional Remedies
After reading about all the Fundamental Rights, a question may arise in your mind : what
can an individual do if one or more of his or her Fundamental Rights are encroached upon
by the State?
Part III of our Constitution provides for legal remedies for the protection of these rights
against their violation by the State or other institutions/individuals. It entitles the citizens of
India to move the Supreme Court or High Courts for the enforcement of these rights. The
State is forbidden from making any law that may be in conflict with the Fundamentals
Rights.
The Constitution empowers the Supreme Court and High Courts to issue orders or writs
as mentioned in the box given below.
HABEAS CORPUS; (Latin term) It is an order by the court to the state to produce
the person physically before it justify the confinement or release of the person.
MANDAMUS: (Latin term) It is a command or an order from a superior court to a
subordinate court or tribunal or public authority to perform its duty in case it is not
doing it.
PROHIBITION: It is an order issued by the Superior Court to forbid a subordinate
court or tribunal from proceeding with a case which is beyond its jurisdiction.
QUO WARRANTO: This writ is issued to restrain a person from acting in a public
office to which he /she is not entitled.
CERTIORARI : The term certiorari means “to be informed of what is going”. It is
an order to a lower court from a superior court to transfer the matter to it or to any
other court for deciding the matter.
These writs go a long way in protecting the rights of the individuals against encroachment
by the legislature, the executive or any other authority. If the Fundamental Rights are the
cornerstone of our democracy, then the Right to Constitutional Remedies is the soul of the
part III of the Constitutions.
You will read more about these writs in the lesson no.12.
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Notes
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Political Science
Aspects of the
Constitution of India Intext Questions 6.6
Fill in the blanks by selecting appropriate words/figures given in the brackets:
1. Religious or linguistic ——————————————can establish their own
educational institutions. (minorities/majority)
2. In India writs are issued by——————————————Courts. (lower/
subordinate/high)
3. The direction of the court to the detaining authority to produce the person before
it is the writ of———————————— (Mandamus/prohibition/habeas corpus)
4. The writ to restrain a person from acting in a public office to which he /she is not
entitled is known as ——————————————(quo warrato/Certiorari/
Mandamus)
5. An order to a lower court to transfer the case to another court for its proper
consideration in called the writ of ———————————. (Habeas Corpus/
Prohibition/Certiorari)
What You Have Learnt
Fundamental Rights have been incorporated in part III of our Constitution from article 14-
32. These rights protect and safeguard the dignity and status of the citizens. These rights
are justiciable i.e. are enforceable by the court of law. At present there are six Fundamental
Rights. Recently by an Amendment Act of the Constitution, Right to Education has been
added.
These Rights are not absolute, reasonable restrictions can be imposed on these rights in
the interest of peace, national defence, morality, comman good and good relations with
other countries. The first right that comes under Fundamental Rights is the Right to Equality.
Under the Constitution, all are equal before law and the state can not discriminate between
citizens on the basis of religion, race, sex, place of birth or any of them. Uuntouchability
has been abolished and made an offence punishable by law. The state has been forbidden
from conferring honorary titles on citizens that create social disparities.
Right to Freedom has been granted for the all round development of the body, mind and
spirit of all the citizens. It provides six freedoms to citizens. This Right helps protection of
life and personal liberty. It also protects the individual from arbitrary arrest and detention.
Our Constitutions prohibits traffic in human beings and forced labour. Employment of
children below the age of fourteen years in mines, factories and hazardous jobs is banned.
India is a multi religious country. Our Constitution neither promotes nor interferes in their
religious affairs. India believes in secularism. Every religious community is free to establish,
maintain and run its own religious institutions. Every citizen has been granted freedom to
profess and propagate his/her religion.
Cultural and Educational rights provide the right to conserve our culture. Educational
institutions maintained by the state on getting financial aid from the state cannot refuse
MODULE - 2
Notes
67
Fundamental Rights
Aspects of the
Constitution of India
admission to children on the grounds of religion, race, caste, language or any of them. The
minorities have been given the right to establish and manage institutions of their own for
the preservation and propagation of their language and culture. While giving financial aid to
any institution, the state will not discriminate on the basis of religion or language.
Lastly the Constitution guarantees enjoyment of Fundamental Rights by citizens under the
Right to Constitutional Remedies. The Supreme Court and High Courts have been given
powers to issue orders, directions and writs for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights .
Dr. B.R Ambedkar has rightly called the writs as the “ Soul of the part III of the Constitution”:
Terminal Exercises
1. Explain the importance of Fundamental Rights as provided in the Constitution.
2. Mention any three aspects of right to equality.
3. Describe six Fundamental Freedoms granted under the Right to Freedom.
4. Explain the Right against Exploitation.
5. How does the Right to Freedom of Religion help in establishing a secular polity in
India? Explain.
6. What is writ? Who has the power to issue the writs?
7. Explain the statement that Fundamental Rights are justiciable.
8. Describe all the provisions of Right to Freedom.
9. Mention Right to Education as incorporated in the Constitution by 86th Amendment
Act.
Answers to Intext Questions
6.1
1. 44th
2. Fundamental
6.2
1. Social
2. 5
3. Equality
4. Special
5. Social
6.3
1. b
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Political Science
Aspects of the
Constitution of India
2. b.
3. a
4. 86th
6.4
1. 14.
6.5
1. Individual
2. Religious
6.6
1. Minority
2. High Court
3. Habeas Corpus
4. Quo-Warranto
5. Certiorari
Hints for Terminal Expercises
1. Refer to section 6.1
2. Refer to section 6.2
3. Refer to section 6.3.1
4. Refer to section 6.4
5. Refer to section 6.5
6. Refer to section 6.7
7. Refer to section 6.1
8. Refer to section 6.3
9. Refer to section 6.3.5

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