Monday, October 6, 2014

In by // 11:50 PM //

UN SPECIAL AGENCIES : BEST EXCELLENT BANKING AWARENESS GK FOR IBPS PO



CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD

United Nations (UN)
Subsidiary organs
The United Nations network also includes subsidiary organs created by the General Assembly and autonomous specialized agencies. The subsidiary organs report to the General Assembly. Some of these organs are funded directly by the UN; others are financed by the voluntary contributions of governments or private citizens. In addition, General Assembly has consultative relationships with NGOs operating in economic, social, cultural, educational, health, and related fields. NGOs have played an increasingly important role in the work of the UN’s specialized agencies, especially in the areas of health, peacekeeping, refugee issues, and human rights.

Specialized agencies

The specialized agencies report annually to general assembly and often cooperate with each other and with various UN organs. However, they also have their own principles, goals, and rules, which at times may conflict with those of other UN organs and agencies. The specialized agencies are autonomous insofar as they control their own budgets and have their own boards of directors, who appoint agency heads independently of the General Assembly or secretary-general.
Major specialized agencies and related organs of the UN include
the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO),
and the World Health Organization (WHO).
Two of the most powerful specialized agencies, which also are the most independent with respect to UN decision making, are the 
 The United Nations, along with its specialized agencies, is often referred to collectively as the United Nations system.

International Labour Organization (ILO)
International Labour Organization (ILO), specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) dedicated to improving labour conditions and living standards throughout the world. Established in 1919 by theTreaty of Versailles as an affiliated agency of the League of Nations,
Head quarters: Geneva, Switzerland
Director general:  Guy Ryder 
Publications: Among the ILO’s many publications are the International Labour Review and the Year Book of Labour Statistics.

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
 oldest permanent specialized agency of theUnited Nations, established in October 1945 with the objective of eliminating hunger and improving nutrition and standards of living by increasing agricultural productivity.
The FAO coordinates the efforts of governments and technical agencies in programs for developing agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and land and water resources.
Head quarters: Rome
Director general: jose graziano dsilva


UNESCO
UNESCO, acronym for United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization,  specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that was outlined in a constitution signed November 16, 1945. The constitution, which entered into force in 1946, called for the promotion of international collaboration in education, science, and culture.
Director general :Irina Bokova
Head quarters : france, paris

World Health Organization (WHO)
World Health Organization (WHO), 
headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland
director general: Chinese civil servant Margaret Chan
WHO is responsible for the World Health Report, a leading international publication on health, the worldwide World Health Survey, and World Health Day (7 April of every year).




.

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)

Alternate title: IBRD (WORLD BANK= IMF + IBRD)
headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States
president :dr. jim yong kim
total members :188
188th member : south sudan
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), Main component organization of the World Bank . The IBRD lends money to middle-income and creditworthy poorer countries. Most of its funds come from sales of bonds in international capital markets. More than 180 countries are members of the IBRD. Each member’s voting power is linked to its capital subscription; the U.S., with some one-sixth of the shares in the IBRD, has veto power over any proposed changes to the bank. 


International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations(UN) specialized agency, founded at the Bretton Woods Conference in 1944 to secure international monetary cooperation, to stabilize currency exchange rates, and to expand international liquidity (access to hard currencies).
international monetary system will stabilize currency exchange rates without backing currencies entirely with gold; to reduce the frequency and severity of balance-of-payments deficits (which occur when more foreign currency leaves a country than enters it); and to eliminate destructive mercantilist trade policies, such as competitive devaluations and foreign exchange restrictions—all while substantially preserving each country’s ability to pursue independent economic policies
 organization’s permanent headquarters inWashington, D.C.,
managing director: Christine Lagarde(france)
issues sdr(special drawing rights) rights or paper gold issue(v.imp)
Since its creation, the IMF’s principal activities have included stabilizing currency exchange rates, financing the short-term balance-of-payments deficits of member countries, and providing advice and technical assistance to borrowing countries.
Membership countries: 188

Asian Development Bank (ADB)
organization that provides loans and equity investments for development projects in its member countries. The bank also provides technical assistance for projects and programs, and it promotes the investment of capital for development.

headquartered in Manila.
TOTALMEMBERS :67
 Japan is one of the largest shareholders of the bank, the president has always been Japanese.
The most recent president was Takehiko Nakao, who succeededHaruhiko Kuroda in 2013.
The bank’s top borrowers include Indonesia, the People’s Republic of China, India, and Pakistan.

OPEC
OPEC, in full Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries,  multinational organization that was established to coordinate the petroleum policies of its members and to provide member states with technical and economic aid.
OPEC’s headquarters, located in Vienna(PREVIOUSLY GENEVA) 
. OPEC members coordinate policies on oil prices, production, and related matters at semiannual and special meetings of the OPEC Conference.

World Trade Organization (WTO)
PREVIOUS NAME :  General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
World Trade Organization (WTO), international organization established to supervise and liberalize world trade. The WTO is the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), to be called the International Trade Organization (ITO). Although the ITO never materialized, the GATT proved remarkably successful in liberalizing world trade over the next five decades.
WTO's current Director-General is Roberto Azevêdo
TOTAL MEMBERS : 160

Yemen to become 160th WTO member



United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), United Nations (UN) organization formed in 1965 to help countries eliminate poverty and achieve sustainable human development, an approach to economic growth that emphasizes improving the quality of life of all citizens while conserving the environment and natural resources for future generations
. It is headquartered in New York City.
The UNDP administers aid through five-year Country Programmes, which fund projects aimed at attracting investment capital, training skilled employees, and implementing modern technologies..

VERY  VERY IMPORTANT
 The UNDP Human Development Report Office also publishes an annual Human Development Report (since 1990) to measure and analyse developmental progress. In addition to a global Report, UNDP publishes regional, national, and local Human Development Reports
he UNDP works internationally to help countries achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Currently, the UNDP is one of the main UN agencies involved in the development of the Post-2015 Development Agenda.
following Millennium Development Goals by 2015:
1.     To halve the number of undernourished people
2.    To achieve universal primary education
3.    To promote gender equality and empower women
4.    To reduce child mortality
5.     To improve maternal health
6.    To combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
7.     To ensure environmental sustainability[1]
8.    To develop a global partnership for development[2]

International Development Association (IDA)


Alternate title: IDA
International Development Association (IDA), United Nations specialized agency affiliated with but legally and financially distinct from the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank). It was instituted in September 1960 to make loans on more flexible terms than those of the World Bank. IDA members must be members of the bank, and the bank’s officers serve as IDA’s ex officio officers. Headquarters are inWashington, D.C.


North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), military alliance established by the North Atlantic Treaty (also called the Washington Treaty) of April 4, 1949, which sought to create a counterweight to Soviet armies stationed in central and eastern Europe after World War II.
 NATO's headquarters are in Brussels, Belgium
MEMBERS :28 COUNTRIES
Secretaries General: Jens Stoltenberg
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), organization that seeks to promote free trade and economic cooperation throughout the Asia-Pacific region
The APEC secretariat, established in 1993 and headquartered in Singapore,
MEMBERSHIP COUNTRIES : 21
provides advisory and logistic services as well as research and analysis.
MEETINGS:
2014 :26th MEETING November 10–11  China Beijing
2015 27th MEETING November 2015  Philippines  Manila
2016 28th MEETING November 2016 Peru   Lima
ASEAN
 in full Association of Southeast Asian Nations,  international organization established by the governments of 
MEMBERS COUNTRIES
Brunei Philippines  Laos Thailand Vietnam Myanmar Indonesia, Malaysia, Cambodia Singapore,

HOW TO REMEMBER MEMBERSHIP COUNTRIES: B P L TV MIMICS
AIM- to accelerate economic growth, social progress, and cultural development and to promote peace and security in Southeast Asia. 
ASEAN summit meetings, which are held every year, bring together the heads of state of member countries; there are also annual conferences for foreign ministers.
SUMMITS: REMEMBER EVERY YEAR IT COMES
2014:asean formal summits in may and november at nay pyi taw(burma) , hosting leader thein sein

European Union (EU)
European Union (EU), international organization comprising 28 European countries
AIM- The EU was in recognition of the organization’s efforts to promote peace and democracy in Europe.

THE CURRENT PRESIDENT EUROPEAN COMMISSION- JEAN-CLAUDE JUNCKER

PRESIDENT OF THE EUROPEAN COUNCIL: HERMAN VON ROMPUY







Nobel Prize,
 any of the prizes (five in number until 1969, when a sixth was added) that are awarded annually from a fund bequeathed for that purpose by the Swedish inventor and industrialist Alfred Bernhard Nobel. The Nobel Prizes are widely regarded as the most prestigious awards given for intellectual achievement in the world.
These prizes as established by his will are the Nobel Prize for Physics,
Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace.

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA),
AIM- autonomous intergovernmental organization dedicated to increasing the contribution of atomic energy to the world’s peace and well-being and ensuring that agency assistance is not used for military purposes..
As part of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (1968), all non-nuclear powers are required to negotiate a safeguards agreement with the IAEA; as part of that agreement, the IAEA is given authority to monitor nuclear programs and to inspect nuclear facilities.
Headquarters are in Vienna
The IAEA's current Director General is Yukiya Amano..

Treaty on the Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
Treaty on the Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, also called Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty,  agreement of July 1, 1968, signed by the United Kingdom, the United States, theSoviet Union, and 59 other states, under which the three major signatories, which possessed nuclear weapons, agreed not to assist other states in obtaining or producing them. The treaty became effective in March 1970 and was to remain so for a 25-year period. Additional countries later ratified the treaty; as of 2007 only three countries (India, Israel, and Pakistan) have refused to sign the treaty, and one country (North Korea) has signed and then withdrawn from the treaty. The treaty was extended indefinitely and without conditions in 1995 by a consensus vote of 174 countries at the United Nationsheadquarters in New York City.
.
United Nations Security Council
United Nations Security Council, United Nations (UN) organ whose primary responsibility is the maintenance of international peace and security.
The Security Council originally consisted of 11 members—five permanent members (the Republic of China [Taiwan], France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States) and six nonpermanent members elected by the UN General Assembly for two-year terms. An amendment to the UN Charter in 1965 increased council membership to 15, including the original five permanent members and 10 nonpermanent members. with five members coming from Africa or Asia, one from eastern Europe, two from Latin America, and two from western Europe or other areas. Five of the 10 nonpermanent members are elected each year by the General Assembly for two-year terms, and five retire each year. The presidency is held by each member in rotation for a period of one month.
Each member has one vote(veto power). On all “procedural” matters—the definition of which is sometimes in dispute—decisions by the council are made by an affirmative vote of any nine of its members.

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD),

 permanent organ of the United Nations (UN) General Assembly, established in 1964 to promote trade,investment, and development in developing countries.

Headquartered in Geneva,Switzerland
UNCTAD has 194 members.
Secretary-General Mukhisa Kituyi


OFFICE OF THE UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES (UNHCR)
With its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland,   
PRESENT Nations High Commissioner for Refugees :ANTONIO GUTERRES

AIM -the UNHCR intervenes with various national governments in order to ensure such minimal rights as freedom from arbitrary expulsion, access to the courts, work and educational opportunities, and possession of identity and travel documents.
International Criminal Court (ICC), 

AIM- to prosecute and adjudicate individuals accused of genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity.
It is headquartered in the Netherlands at The Hague.

The ICC was established as a court of last resort to prosecute the most heinous offenses in cases where national courts fail to act. Unlike the International Court of Justice, which hears disputes between states, the ICC handles prosecutions of individuals.
The ICJ is composed of fifteen judges elected to nine-year terms by the UN General Assembly and the UN Security Council from a list of persons nominated by the national groups in the Permanent Court of Arbitration.
india judge dalveer bhandari is present judge in icc until 2018 elected in 2012

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), 

Headquartered in Nairobi, Kenya,
TOTAL MEMBERS -58
UNEP's current Executive Director Achim Steiner

One of UNEP’s most widely recognized activities is Earthwatch, an international monitoring system designed to facilitate the exchange of environmental information among governments. Participation in this enterprise enables members to assess significant environmental risks and to act accordingly. UNEP played a major role in initiating negotiations on reducing ozone-depleting chemicals.

UNEP provides the technical assistance for a variety of international conventions, including the Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer (1987),

World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), 
AIM - international organization designed to promote the worldwide protection of both industrial property (inventions, trademarks, and designs) and copyrighted materials (literary, musical, photographic, and other artistic works  a specialized agency of the United Nations in
It is headquartered in Geneva.
WIPO currently has 187 member states
The current Director-General of WIPO is Francis Gurry
 Palestine has observer status.[5]


Designed By Blogtipsntricks. In Association With Tozilnutpam and Praverb Dot Net.

© 2012 Thanuconnect/thanusree expprts and imports